En la Universidad Médica “Carlos J. Finlay”, se realiza una intervención educativa con el objetivo de valorar la concepción y aplicación de un programa para un curso de preparación de metodólogos en correspondencia con sus funciones en condiciones de universalización de las Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, en el periodo de septiembre de 2005 a junio de 2007. Se emplean diferentes métodos investigativos: los teóricos, así como la técnica de discusión grupal, permitió diseñar el programa del curso para la preparación de (...) metodólogos en condiciones de universalización y los empíricos, la obtención de algunos datos de interés acerca de los metodólogos que reciben el curso y sus valoraciones en relación con el mismo. Se constata que la preparación pedagógica y experiencia en el desempeño es insuficiente para asumir el rol de metodólogo y valoran de muy importantes los contenidos desarrollados, los métodos y formas organizativas concebidas, por lo que se concluye que el programa del curso cumple con las expectativas del metodólogo al estar diseñado teniendo en cuenta las funciones que estos desempeñan y sus necesidades sentidas A study was carried out about the intervention in education developed to increase teacher's methodological preparation under their new functions due to the fresh conditions of learning within the community applied to medicine training and education in Camagüey. It was carried out in the period of September 2005 to June 2007. Different research methods were used: the theoretical ones and the technique for group discussion help to design the course syllabus and the assessment for those teachers that received the course. It was verified that the methodological preparation and performance experience are insufficient to play their role; but they value as very important the contents, the methods and the organization of the course. The authors conclude that the course meets the expectations of training, because it was designed keeping in mind the teachers' functions and their necessities. (shrink)

Se realizó un trabajo de educación en valores humanos con métodos participativos en estudiantes del nuevo modelo formativo de Enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey en la Filial de Nuevitas, para la ejecución de la tarea se capacitó a profesores y tutores, objetivo por el cual se diseñó la estrategia educativa. Se enunciaron las dificultades del objeto de investigación, resultado del diagnóstico aplicado, se confirmó la ausencia de estrategia educativa en el uso de métodos participativos con tal (...) fin, y la necesidad del diseño. Se utilizaron las etapas dirigidas a la capacitación, la sensibilización, la planificación, la valoración y el control de la ejecución del sistema de acciones con el colectivo pedagógico para el perfeccionamiento de la educación en valores con estos métodos. A teaching work based on human values with the implementation of participatory methods was carried out for Nursing students of the new training model at the seat of the Medical University of Camagüey in Nuevitas. Tutors and professors were trained to put this task into practice, reason why the teaching strategy was designed. The difficulties of the research object as a result of the applied diagnosis were set out. The lack of a teaching strategy in the use of participatory methods for this purpose, and the need of the design were stated. Stages aimed at training, awareness-raising, planning, assessment and control of the system of actions implementation with the pedagogical team in order to improve values education with these methods, were used. (shrink)

The emergence of AI is posing serious challenges to standard conceptions of moral status. New non-biological entities are able to act and make decisions rationally. The question arises, in this regard, as to whether AI systems possess or can possess the necessary properties to be morally considerable. In this chapter, we have undertaken a systematic analysis of the various debates that are taking place about the moral status of AI. First, we have discussed the possibility that AI systems, by virtue (...) of its new agential capabilities, can be understood as a moral agent. Discussions between those defending mentalist and anti-mentalist positions have revealed many nuances and particularly relevant theoretical aspects. Second, given that an AI system can hardly be an entity qualified to be responsible, we have delved into the responsibility gap and the different ways of understanding and addressing it. Third, we have provided an overview of the current and potential patientist capabilities that AI systems possess. This has led us to analyze the possibilities of AI possessing moral patiency. In addition, we have addressed the question of the moral and legal rights of AI. Finally, we have introduced the two most relevant authors of the relational turn on the moral status of AI, Mark Coeckelbergh and David Gunkel, who have been led to defend a relational approach to moral life as a result of the problems associated with the ontological understanding of moral status. (shrink)

Despite the promise to boost human potential and wellbeing, enhancement drugs face recurring ethical scrutiny. The present studies examined attitudes toward cognitive enhancement in order to learn more about these ethical concerns, who has them, and the circumstances in which they arise. Fairness-based concerns underlay opposition to competitive use—even though enhancement drugs were described as legal, accessible and affordable. Moral values also influenced how subsequent rewards were causally explained: Opposition to competitive use reduced the causal contribution of the enhanced winner’s (...) skill, particularly among fairness-minded individuals. In a follow-up study, we asked: Would the normalization of enhancement practices alleviate concerns about their unfairness? Indeed, proliferation of competitive cognitive enhancement eradicated fairness-based concerns, and boosted the perceived causal role of the winner’s skill. In contrast, purity-based concerns emerged in both recreational and competitive contexts, and were not assuaged by normalization. (shrink)

El suroriente de la península de Yucatán se transformó de ser un territorio de emancipación para los mayas en el siglo XVII en una región disputada por los imperios británico y español durante el XVIII. En este conflicto, destaca el papel de los mayas como actores históricos.

The inquiry into the moral status of artificial intelligence (AI) is leading to prolific theoretical discussions. A new entity that does not share the material substrate of human beings begins to show signs of a number of properties that are nuclear to the understanding of moral agency. It makes us wonder whether the properties we associate with moral status need to be revised or whether the new artificial entities deserve to enter within the circle of moral consideration. This raises the (...) foreboding that we are at the gates of an anthropological crisis: the properties bound to moral agency have been exclusively possessed in the past by human beings and have shaped the very definition of being human. In this article, I will argue that AI does not lead us to an anthropological crisis and that, if we adhere to the history and philosophy of technology, we will notice that the debate on the moral status of AI uncritically starts from an anthropology of properties and loses sight of the relational dimension of technology. First, I will articulate three criteria for analyzing different anthropological views in philosophy of technology. Second, I will propose six anthropological models: traditional, industrial, phenomenological, postphenomenological, symmetrical, and cyborg. Third, I will show how the emergence of AI breaks with the dynamics of increased relationality in the history and philosophy of technology. I will argue that this aspect is central to debates about the moral status of AI, since it sheds light on an aspect of moral consideration that has been obscured. Finally, I will reject entirely relational approaches to moral status and propose two hybrid possibilities for rethinking it. (shrink)

Ante la falta o disminución de la motivación de los alumnos universitarios la enseñanza, y con ello la Universidad se ve en la tesitura de poner en práctica nuevas metodologías más activas y motivantes que permitan a los alumnos tener un rol más protagonista en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que el que han tenido hasta ahora.En el este artículo se expone una experiencia que consiste en el diseño de un escape room on line enmarcado en el Máster en (...) Educación Especial. Se plantea como objetivo motivar a los alumnos y facilitar el aprendizaje de la asignatura. (shrink)

In most domains of human life, we are willing to accept that there are experts with greater knowledge and competencies that distinguish them from non-experts or laypeople. Despite this fact, the very recognition of expertise curiously becomes more controversial in the case of “moral experts”. Do moral experts exist? And, if they indeed do, are there ethical reasons for us to follow their advice? Likewise, can emerging technological developments broaden our very concept of moral expertise? In this article, we begin (...) by arguing that the objections that have tried to deny the existence (and convenience) of moral expertise are unsatisfactory. After that, we show that people have ethical reasons to ask for a piece of moral advice in daily life situations. Then, we argue that some Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can play an increasing role in human morality by becoming moral experts. Some AI-based moral assistants can qualify as artificial moral experts and we would have good ethical reasons to use them. (shrink)

The ethic of care has often been opposed to the ethic of justice as offering a different and even a contradictory approach to moral problems. This article argues that, from the perspective of the discourse ethic, both approaches are complementary in a very fundamental sense, since each one applies to one of two stages of moral reasoning that are as different as they are interconnected. It argues, in particular, that while justice is concerned with the justification and elaboration of norms, (...) care is concerned with finding a solution for specific moral situations. The article then places considerations of care at the centre of ideal discourse and subordinates the importance of rational understanding and moral justification to intuitive communication. (shrink)

This paper addresses how impairments in prediction in young adults with autism spectrum disorder relate to their behavior during a collaboration. To assess it, we developed a task where participants play in collaboration with a synthetic agent to maximize their score. The agent’s behavior changes during the different phases of the game, requiring participants to model their sensorimotor contingencies to play collaboratively. Our results (n = 30) show differences between autistic and neurotypical individuals in their behavioral adaptation to the other (...) partner. Contrarily, there are no differences in the self-reports of that collaboration. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda la poesía de Edith Stein a partir del tópico de la Revelación. Entendida como «la buena nueva» de la venida y la resurrección de Cristo, la Revelación se relaciona con el mandato del amor al prójimo, cuya sola posibilidad radica en el amor a Dios, pues «quiere que le amemos, cuando manda que amemos al prójimo», como explica sor Juana. Y así, se relaciona también con la mayor «fineza» de Jesús hacia a los hombres, según la carta (...) Atenagórica, que consiste en «los beneficios que nos deja de hacer» para contener nuestra ingratitud; en el amor al prójimo, la correspondencia del amor es para Él, pero la utilidad es nuestra. En la poesía de Edith Stein, la Revelación se corresponde con la revelación del lector, con lo que se consuma la representación de la mayor fineza: para el lector, y para él solo, es la utilidad de la lectura. (shrink)

When discussing genetic prenatal enhancement, we often encounter objections related to “eugenics.” Those who want to defend prenatal enhancement either try to avoid using the term “eugenics” or talk about “liberal eugenics”, implying that what was wrong with the old eugenics was its coercive character, and claiming that while old eugenics went against reproductive freedom, the new liberal eugenics promotes freedom. In this paper we first explore the objection that genetic enhancement is a form of eugenics that limits parental freedom. (...) We then show how the same objection appears in other bioethical debates. Finally, we answer the objection, showing that genetic enhancement does not limit reproductive freedom in any important sense. (shrink)

Cet article est la synthèse d’une recherche approfondie sur l’archétype de la déesse mère exposée dans mon livre, Mère terrible, la déesse dans la religion du Mexique ancien (2007). Ici est présenté un résumé schématique des changements et métamorphoses dans la conception de la divinité féminine tout au long d’une histoire de plus de 4000 ans (2500 avant à 1520 après J.‑C.). Voici certaines des questions qui guident la recherche : Comment les habitants du Mexique ancien concevaient‑ils le mystère de (...) la féminité? Quelle relation mythique détient la déesse avec le miracle de la germination du maïs? Quelle place occupe la déesse, symbole cosmique de la naissance et de la mort, dans la société sacrificielle et guerrière des Aztèques? (shrink)

La Ruta de la Amistad surgió con motivo de la XIX Olimpiada en México. Siendo el corredor escultórico más largo del mundo, donde a lo largo de diescisiete kilómetros se ubicaron 19 esculturas monumentales de arte abstracto, marcó el punto de partida de un nuevo arte público, alejado de nacionalismos. Para que esta ruta se hiciera realidad implicó un arduo trabajo, desde su gestión hasta su construcción, que generalmente no es mencionado cuando se habla de ella. A más de cincuenta (...) años de su creación, sigue siendo muestra de lo mejor del arte mundial de la década de los sesenta. (shrink)

Numerous and diverse discussions about moral status have taken place over the years. However, this concept was not born until the moral weight of non-human entities was raised. Animal ethics, for i...

En la atención médica y en la investigación en salud resulta indispensable favorecer la toma de decisiones de los pacientes y/o participantes bajo el principio de autonomía. En particular, esta capacidad, consignada en la Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, se concreta mediante la detección de necesidades de asistencia, ajustes y apoyos que dan paso a una plena y efectiva capacidad de ejercicio. Las reflexiones bioéticas hechas desde la perspectiva principialista, personalista y de los Derechos Humanos ofrecen (...) elementos para potenciar la autonomía de las personas con discapacidad, promoviendo la figura de asistencia personal y enfatizando el interés superior, la gradualidad y la revisión judicial permanente como principios de figuras sustitutivas. (shrink)

Santa Julia, en la Ciudad de México, surgió a principios del siglo XX como un fraccionamiento dirigido a la población de escasos recursos económicos. En el pasado adquirió fama por ser el lugar donde vivió y fue aprehendido uno de los bandidos más renombrados del porfiriato: “El Tigre de Santa Julia”. Este hecho lo llevó a ser considerado como “barrio bravo”. En contrapartida, el fervor religioso de la población que ahí habita, los lleva a manifestarse a través de altares callejeros (...) que en la actualidad son tradición, así como referentes urbano-arquitectónicos importantes del paisaje identitario de esta zona. (shrink)

El presente artículo expone la investigación que se está llevando a cabo en la tesis doctoral que lleva por título “La presencia de la mujer artista en las exposiciones barcelonesas (1888-1936)” cuyo objetivo es cuantificar la participación de estas en exposiciones individuales y colectivas en la ciudad y analizar la consideración social y fortuna crítica que lograron a partir de su recepción en el público y en la crítica de la época.

En replaçant les travaux de Philippe Walter dans les cadres historique et théorique des analyses bachelardiennes et durandiennes sur l’imaginaire, Blanca Solares met en évidence les apports spécifiques de ses thèses, tant du point de vue méthodologique que du point de vue idéologique. Cette entreprise de reconstruction des présupposés conceptuels de Philippe Walter permet de souligner l’importance d’une réévaluation en profondeur d’un imaginaire médiéval trop souvent compris à l’aune d’une conception simplificatrice de la christianisation, tout en montrant la nécessité (...) d’une approche nuancée et renouvelée des sources traditionnelles. By putting the work of Philippe Walter in the historical and theoretical contexts of the Bachelard and Durand’s analysis on the imaginary, Blanca Solares highlights the specific contributions of his theses, both from methodological and ideological points of view. This reconstruction effort on the conceptual presuppositions of Philippe Walter serves to accentuate the importance of a thorough revaluation of a medieval imaginary too often understood, at the beginning of a simplified design to the Christianization, while showing the need for a nuanced and renewed approach to traditional sources. Al situar las investigaciones de Philippe Walter dentro del marco histórico-teórico de los análisis de Bachelard y Durand sobre el imaginario, Blanca Solares evidencia sus aportes específicos, tanto metodológicos como ideológicos. Esta labor de reconstrucción de los fundamentos conceptuales de Philippe Walter muestra cuánto importa cambiar el enfoque al imaginario medieval empobrecido por unas aproximaciones a la cristianización demasiado simplificadoras y justifica plenamente una aproximación renovada y fina a las fuentes tradicionales. (shrink)

The ethic of care has often been opposed to the ethic of justice as offering a different and even a contradictory approach to moral problems. This article argues that, from the perspective of the discourse ethic, both approaches are complementary in a very fundamental sense, since each one applies to one of two stages of moral reasoning that are as different as they are interconnected. It argues, in particular, that while justice is concerned with the justification and elaboration of norms, (...) care is concerned with finding a solution for specific moral situations. The article then places considerations of care at the centre of ideal discourse and subordinates the importance of rational understanding and moral justification to intuitive communication. (shrink)

In the Anthropology, the person has a self-organizing communicative structure, so person cannot be unique, lonely. This has been called by Polo: "Coexistence". It shows that the "Díada" (Duality) is richness, plenitude (fullness). This makes possible to mark the difference between two complementary person's types: the male person and the female person. They could be called: "coexistence-from" and "coexistence-in".